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Theobromine, formerly known as xantheose,〔 is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, with the chemical formula C7H8N4O2.〔 It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including the leaves of the tea plant, and the kola (or cola) nut. It is classified as a xanthine alkaloid, which also include the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine.〔 The compounds differ in their degree of methylation. Despite its name, the compound contains no bromine—''theobromine'' is derived from ''Theobroma'', the name of the genus of the cacao tree, (which itself is made up of the Greek roots ''theo'' ("god") and ''broma'' ("food"), meaning "food of the gods")〔 (note: the book incorrectly states that the name "theobroma" is derived from Latin)〕 with the suffix ''-ine'' given to alkaloids and other basic nitrogen-containing compounds.〔"-ine."〕 Theobromine is a slightly water-soluble (), crystalline, bitter powder. Theobromine is white or colourless, but commercial samples can be yellowish.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=theobromine ) For convenience, the direct source of the three definitions used has been cited.〕 It has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine in the human nervous system, making it a lesser homologue. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline, as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as a dimethyl xanthine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Theobromine )〕 Theobromine was first discovered in 1841〔(Plant intoxicants: a classic text on ... - Google Books ). Books.google.ru. Retrieved on 2009-11-08.〕 in cacao beans by Russian chemist Alexander Voskresensky. Synthesis of theobromine from xanthine was first reported in 1882 by Hermann Emil Fischer.〔 See also: 〕 ==Sources== Theobromine is the primary alkaloid found in cocoa and chocolate. Cocoa powder can vary in the amount of theobromine, from 2%〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Theobromine content of Hershey's confectionery products )〕 theobromine to at least 10%. There are usually higher concentrations in dark than in milk chocolate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= AmerMed cocoa extract with 10% theobromine )〕 Theobromine can also be found in small amounts in the kola nut (1.0–2.5%), the guarana berry, ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (yerba mate), and the tea plant. of milk chocolate contains approximately of theobromine〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA Nutrient database, entries for milk chocolate )〕 but of dark chocolate contains about .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA Nutrient database, entries for dark chocolate )〕 Cocoa beans naturally contain approximately 1% theobromine. The plant species with the largest amounts of theobromine are:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Activities of a Specific Chemical Query - Theobromine )〕 * ''Theobroma cacao'' * ''Theobroma bicolor'' * ''Ilex paraguariensis'' * ''Camellia sinensis'' * ''Cola acuminata'' * ''Theobroma angustifolium'' * ''Guarana'' * ''Coffea arabica'' The mean theobromine concentrations in cocoa and carob products are:〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「theobromine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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