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taonga
A taonga in Māori culture is a treasure which could be anything from a word to a memory . This is the current modern definition which differs from the historical definition that was noted by Hongi Hika as "property procured by the spear" (could understand this as war booty or defended property ).
Tangible examples are all sorts of heirlooms and artefacts, land, fisheries, natural resources such as geothermal springs and access to natural resources, such as riparian water rights and access to the riparian zone of rivers or streams. Intangible examples may include language, spiritual beliefs and radio frequencies.
The varying definitions and interpretations have implications for policies regarding such things as intellectual property and genetic engineering.〔Simon Upton, ''(upton-on-line )'', 11 December 2002. Accessed 12 January 2008.〕
==Taonga and second Article of the Treaty of Waitangi==
Taonga have constitutional significance in New Zealand, as the second Article of the Treaty of Waitangi guaranteed that the Māori signatories would retain the possession and enjoyment of their taonga under British rule. Section 6(e) of the Resource Management Act 1991 mandates decision makers to ‘recognise and provide for the relationship of Māori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wahi tapu (sites ), and other taonga’ as a matter of national importance.〔(The Resource Management Act at www.legislation.govt.nz )〕 Because the Treaty of Waitangi promised that Māori would retain undisturbed possession of their taonga,〔''Ko te Kuini o Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga Rangitira ki nga hapu – ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa''.〕 what is deemed to be a taonga has major political, economic and social consequence in New Zealand - and has been the subject of fierce debates.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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