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tajwid
''Tajweed'' ( ', , meaning "elocution"), sometimes rendered as ''tajwid'', refers to the rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Qur'an. The term is derived from the triliteral root ' meaning "to make well, make better, improve". ''Tajweed'' is a ''fard'' (religious duty) when reciting the Qur'an to the best of one's ability.
== Arabic alphabet and grammar ==
The Arabic alphabet has 29 basic letters.
The Arabic word for "the" is ''al-'' (i.e. the letter ''alif'' followed by ''lām''). The ''lām'' in ''al-'' is pronounced if the letter after it is "''qamarīyah''" ("lunar"), but if the letter after it is "''shamsīyah''" ("solar"), the ''lām'' after it becomes part of the following letter (is assimilated). "Solar" and "lunar" became descriptions for these instances as the words for "the moon" and "the sun" (''al-qamar'' and ''ash-shams'', respectively) are examples of this rule.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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