|
Taekkyeon is the traditional Korean martial art first explicitly recorded in the Joseon Dynasty. Taekkyeon is characterized by fluid, dynamic footwork and utilizes a wide variety of kicks, fist and elbow strikes, pressure point attacks, throws, and grapples. It is also frequently romanized informally as Taekgyeon, Taekkyon, or Taekyun. == History of Taekkyeon == The earliest existing written source mentioning Taekkyeon is the book ''Jaemulbo'' (also ''Manmulbo''), written by Lee Sung-Ji during the reign of Jeongjo (1776–1800):〔 Lee Yong-bok (이용복): "Taek-Gyeon Research" (''택견연구'') ISBN 8971930748. Seoul: Hakminsa Publishing, 2001〕 :"Byeon and Subak are Byeon, Gangnyeok is Mu and all these are called Tak-gyeon" (卞 手搏爲卞 角力爲武 苦今之탁견) I.e. the word is spelled '' Tak-gyeon'', written in Hangul, while the other terms are written in hanja. Around 1900 Taekkyon was practiced frequently around Hanyang (Seoul), the capital city of the Joseon Dynasty. Song Duk-ki (1893–1987) was critically responsible for conveying the art. In the foreword of his only book, he writes: "It cannot be said for sure when and how taekkyon came into existence, but until the end of the Korean kingdom, certain people did taekkyon together."〔 Song Dokki (송덕기) and Bak Jong-gwan (박종관): ''The traditional martial art Taekkyon'' (전통무예 택견). Seoul: Seorim Munhwasa Publishing 1983. ISBN 89-7186-209-2. ISBN 89-7186-001-4 (Set)〕 Taekkyeon matches were frequent in the late Joseon Dynasty. For example, during the Dano-Festival, a tournament called Gyeollyeon (결련) was carried out. Players who beat five opponents consecutively could take a rest and re-enter the tournament again later.〔 Lee Yongbok (이용복): ''Taekkyon, a Korean Martial Art'' (한국무예 택견). Seoul: Hakminsa Publishing 1990.〕 Taekkyeon is documented as a living martial art in an 1895 book on Korean sports and games.〔(Culin, Stewart. ''Korean games with notes on the corresponding games of China and Japan'' (1895) pg. 39 )〕 In the book "Haedong Jukji" by Choe Yeong-nyeon (최영년, Hanja: 崔永年) from 1921, the idu-writing 托肩 is used to represent "Tak-gyeon". The translation of 托肩 is "push-shoulder". However this does not mean that the translation of Taekkyon is "push the shoulder", because idu is just a way to phonetically write pure Korean words with Chinese characters. At the same time, all the arm techniques of taekkyeon are generated from a shoulder movement first, by whipping the entire arm out. When fighting, there are numerous ways Taekkyeon pushes and pulls an opponent by the shoulders. Also in this book, there's a poem and a non-fictional text about Taekkyon, calling it lyrically "flying leg technique" (bi-gak-sul, 비각술, 飛脚術).〔 Lee Yong-bok (이용복): ''Taekkyon'' (택견). Daewonsa Publishing, Seoul 1995, S. 14 f.〕 Taekkyeon is also depicted in the image "Dae Kwae Do" (Hangeul 대쾌도, Hanja 大快圖) which was painted around 1850 by Hyesan Yu Suk (Hangeul 유숙, Hanja 劉淑). It shows Ssireum above and Taekkyeon below. Both combat sports were often done together at festivals, so Hyesan painted a lively scene with people from all social levels. The right Taekkyon player wears a coat called "Dopo" and ties their clothes together in order to have more freedom of motion. A Dopo was only worn by scholars (Seonbi, 선비). Soldiers are watching the games as well as ordinary people (Sangmin, 상민) which can be identified by their clothes (white hanbok) and behaviour. For instance, one of the lower class men at the left turned up his trouser legs, which was not considered good manners by the upper classes. Taekkyeon took a severe blow when Neo-Confucianism grew in popularity, and then the Japanese occupation nearly made the art extinct. Taekkyeon has enjoyed a resurgence in the decades following the end of the Japanese colonial period in 1945. The last Taekkyeon Master from the Joseon-dynasty, Song Duk-Ki, maintained his practice of the Art throughout the Japanese occupation and subsequently laid the seeds for the arts' regeneration. The style he practiced was called Widae (high-village). On June 1, 1983, taekkyeon was given the classification as Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76" by the Korean government (중요무형문화재 제76호). It is the only Korean martial art which possesses such a classification. In November 2011, Taekkyeon was recognized by UNESCO and placed on its Intangible Cultural Heritage List,〔(UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List )〕 being honored as the first martial art on UNESCO's list. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「taekkyeon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|