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Tachypnea (or "tachypnoea") (Greek: "rapid breathing") is abnormally rapid breathing. In adult humans at rest, any rate between 12 and 20 breaths per minute is normal and tachypnea is indicated by a ventilatory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. Children have significantly higher resting ventilatory rates, which decline rapidly during the first three years of life and then steadily until around 18 years. Tachypnea can be an early medical sign of pneumonia in children. == Distinction from other breathing terms == Different sources produce different classifications for breathing terms. Some describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing. Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli (which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing, or both) where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation. Hyperpnea, on the other hand, is defined as breathing more rapid and deep than breathing at rest.〔''Stedman's medical dictionary'' 28th ed. (2006)〕 Others give another classification: tachypnea is as any rapid breathing, hyperventilation is increased rate of breathing at rest, hyperpnea is an increase in breathing that is appropriately proportional to an increase in metabolic rate.〔Martin, Elizabeth A (ed.) (2003). ''Oxford concise medical dictionary'' (6th ed. w. corrections & new cover) Oxford University Press. pp. 333–4. ISBN 0-19-860753-9〕 A third paradigm is: tachypnea is abnormally rapid respiration (though some may argue this is inaccurate as breathing differs from respiration), hyperventilation is increased rate or depth of respiration to abnormal levels causing decreased levels of blood carbon dioxide and hyperpnea is any increase in breathing rate or depth that is not normal.〔Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tachypnea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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