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A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the guiding magnetic field (bending the particles into a closed path) is time-dependent, being ''synchronized'' to a particle beam of increasing kinetic energy (see image). The synchrotron is one of the first accelerator concepts to enable the construction of large-scale facilities, since bending, beam focusing and acceleration can be separated into different components. The most powerful modern particle accelerators use versions of the synchrotron design. The largest synchrotron-type accelerator is the 27 kilometre (17 mi) circumference Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, built in 2008 by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The synchrotron principle was invented by Vladimir Veksler in 1944.〔 〕 Edwin McMillan constructed the first electron synchrotron in 1945, arriving at the idea independently, having missed Veksler's publication (which was only available in a Soviet journal, although in English).〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 The first proton synchrotron was designed by Sir Marcus Oliphant〔(Nature 407, 468 (28 September 2000) ).〕〔 and built in 1952.〔 == Types == Several specialized types of synchrotron machines are used today: *A storage ring is a special type of synchrotron in which the kinetic energy of the particles is kept constant. *A synchrotron light source is a combination of different electron accelerator types, including a storage ring in which the desired electromagnetic radiation is generated. This radiation is then used in experimental stations located on different beamlines. In addition to the storage ring, a synchrotron light source usually contains a linear accelerator (linac) and another synchrotron which is sometimes called ''booster'' in this context. The linac and the booster are used to successively accelerate the electrons to their final energy before they are magnetically "kicked" into the storage ring. Synchrotron light sources in their entirety are sometimes called "synchrotrons", although this is technically incorrect. *A cyclic collider is also a combination of different accelerator types, including two intersecting storage rings and the respective pre-accelerators. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「synchrotron」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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