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Strangling is compression of the neck that may lead to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain.〔Ernoehazy, William; Ernoehazy,WS. (Hanging Injuries and Strangulation ). ''www.emedicine.com''. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.〕 Fatal strangling typically occurs in cases of violence, accidents, and as the auxiliary lethal mechanism in hangings in the event the neck does not break. Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practised in erotic asphyxia, in the choking game, and is an important technique in many combat sports and self-defence systems. Strangling can be divided into three general types according to the mechanism used:〔Strack, Gael; McClane, George. (How to Improve Investigation and Prosecution of Strangulation Cases ). ''www.polaroid.com''. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.〕 * Hanging—Suspension from a cord wound around the neck * Ligature strangulation—Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object called a garrote * Manual strangulation—Strangulation using the fingers or other extremity ==General== Strangling involves one or several mechanisms that interfere with the normal flow of oxygen into the brain:〔Jones, Richard. (Asphyxia ), (Strangulation ). ''www.forensicmed.co.uk''. URL last accessed February 26, 2006.〕 *Compression of the carotid arteries or jugular veins—causing cerebral ischemia. *Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx, or trachea—causing asphyxia. *Stimulation of the carotid sinus reflex—causing bradycardia, hypotension, or both. Depending on the particular method of strangulation, one or several of these typically occur in combination; vascular obstruction is usually the main mechanism.〔Ferris, J.A.J. (Asphyxia ). ''www.pathology.ubc.ca''. URL's last accessed March 1, 2006 (DOC format)〕 Complete obstruction of blood flow to the brain is associated with irreversible neurological damage and death,〔Koiwai, Karl. (How Safe is Choking in Judo? ). ''judoinfo.com''. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.〕 but during strangulation there is still unimpeded blood flow in the vertebral arteries.〔Reay, Donald; Eisele, John. (Death from law enforcement neck holds ). ''www.charlydmiller.com''.URL last accessed March 3, 2006〕 Estimates have been made that significant occlusion of the carotid arteries and jugular veins occurs with a pressure of around , while the trachea demands six times more at approximately .〔Gunther, Wendy. (On Chokes (Medical) ), with quotations from Spitz and Fisher's ''Medicolegal Investigation of Death: Guidelines for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigation''. ''www.aikiweb.com''. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.〕 As in all cases of strangulation, the rapidity of death can be affected by the susceptibility to carotid sinus stimulation.〔 Carotid sinus reflex death is sometimes considered a mechanism of death in cases of strangulation, but it remains highly disputed.〔〔Passig,K. (Carotid Sinus reflex death - a theory and its history ). ''www.datenschlag.org''. URL last accessed February 28, 2006.〕 The reported time from application to unconsciousness varies from 7–14 seconds if effectively applied 〔Koiwai, Karl. (Deaths Allegedly Caused by the Use of "Choke Holds" (Shime-Waza) ). ''judoinfo.com'' URL last accessed March 3, 2006.〕 to one minute in other cases, with death occurring minutes after unconsciousness.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「strangling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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