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Staurosporine (antibiotic AM-2282 or STS) is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium ''Streptomyces staurosporeus''. It was the first of over 50 alkaloids to be isolated with this type of bis-indole chemical structure. The chemical structure of staurosporine was elucidated by X-ray analysis of a single crystal and the absolute stereochemical configuration by the same method in 1994. Staurosporine was discovered to have biological activities ranging from anti-fungal to anti-hypertensive.〔() Rüegg UT, Burgess GM. (1989) Staurosporine, K-252 and UCN-01: potent but nonspecific inhibitors of protein kinases.'' Trends in Pharmacological Science'' 10 (6): 218-220.〕 The interest in these activities resulted in a large investigative effort in chemistry and biology and the discovery of the potential for anti-cancer treatment. ==Biological activities== The main biological activity of staurosporine is the inhibition of protein kinases through the prevention of ATP binding to the kinase. This is achieved through the stronger affinity of staurosporine to the ATP-binding site on the kinase. Staurosporine is a prototypical ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor in that it binds to many kinases with high affinity, though with little selectivity. Structural analysis of kinase pockets demonstrated that main chain atoms which are conserved in their relative positions to staurosporine contributes to staurosporine promiscuity. This lack of specificity has precluded its clinical use, but has made it a valuable research tool. In research, staurosporine is used to induce apoptosis. The mechanism of how it mediates this is not well understood. It has been found that one way in which staurosporine induces apoptosis is by activating caspase-3. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「staurosporine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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