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stanitsa
Stanitsa (; (ウクライナ語:станиця), ''stanytsia'') is a village inside a Cossack host (voisko) (, ''kazachye voysko'', sometimes translated as "Cossack Army"). Stanitsas were the primary unit of Cossack hosts.
While the word ''stanitsa'' in a modern usage survives, the stanitsa system in its historic context was effectively destroyed in the aftermath of the Russian revolution, when the Civil War and subsequent collectivisation of the land by the state in the Stalinist period and Holodomor destroyed the culture and the economic foundations of stanitsas.
==Historical definition==
Historically, the stanitsa was a unit of economic and political organisation of the Cossack peoples primarily in the southern regions of the Russian Empire.
Much of the land was held in common by the stanitsa, subject to annual allocation to Cossack families by the Ataman, the appointed leader of the community. This was a fully democratic, unique process, characteristic of Russia's South only. A similar democratic system was only used in Novgorod Republic, before its annexation by the Muscovite Tsardom.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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