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A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the shaft itself, as is the case with fire hardened spears, or it may be made of a more durable material fastened to the shaft, such as flint, obsidian, iron, steel or bronze. The most common design for hunting or combat spears since ancient times has incorporated a metal spearhead shaped like a triangle, lozenge, or leaf. The heads of fishing spears usually feature barbs or serrated edges. The word ''spear'' comes from the Old English ''spere'', from the Proto-Germanic ''speri'', from a Proto-Indo-European root '' *sper-'' "spear, pole". Spears can be divided into two broad categories: those designed for thrusting in melee combat and those designed for throwing (usually referred to as javelins). The spear has been used throughout human history both as a hunting and fishing tool and as a weapon. Along with the axe, knife, and club it is one of the earliest and most important tools developed by early humans. As a weapon, it may be wielded with either one hand or two. It was used in virtually every conflict up until the modern era, where even then it continues on in the form of the bayonet, and is probably the most commonly used weapon in history.〔Weir, William. ''50 Weapons That Changed Warfare''. The Career Press, 2005, p 12.〕 ==Origins== Spear manufacture and use is not confined to human beings. It is also practiced by the western chimpanzee. Chimpanzees near Kédougou, Senegal have been observed to create spears by breaking straight limbs off trees, stripping them of their bark and side branches, and sharpening one end with their teeth. They then used the weapons to hunt galagos sleeping in hollows.〔Jill D. Pruetz1 and Paco Bertolani, (Savanna Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, Hunt with Tools" ), ''Current Biology'', March 6, 2007〕 Orangutans also have used spears to fish, presumably after observing humans fishing in a similar manner.〔(''Orangutan attempts to hunt fish with spear'', April 26, 2008 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spear」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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