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shmita
The sabbath year (''shmita'' (ヘブライ語:שמיטה), literally "release") also called the sabbatical year or ''sheviit'' ((ヘブライ語:שביעית), literally "seventh") is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the Torah for the Land of Israel,〔This article incorporates text from Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897), a publication now in the public domain. Sabbatical year—every seventh year, during which the land, according to the law of Moses, had to remain uncultivated (Lev. 25:2–7; comp. Ex. 23:10, 11, 12; Lev. 26:34, 35). Whatever grew of itself during that year was not for the owner of the land, but for the poor and the stranger and the beasts of the field.〕 and still observed in contemporary Judaism.
During ''shmita'', the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden by ''halakha'' (Jewish law). Other cultivation techniques (such as watering, fertilizing, weeding, spraying, trimming and mowing) may be performed as a preventive measure only, not to improve the growth of trees or other plants. Additionally, any fruits which grow of their own accord are deemed ''hefker'' (ownerless) and may be picked by anyone. A variety of laws also apply to the sale, consumption and disposal of ''shmita'' produce. All debts, except those of foreigners, were to be remitted.
Chapter 25 of the Book of Leviticus promises bountiful harvests to those who observe the ''shmita'', and describes its observance as a test of religious faith. There is little notice of the observance of this year in Biblical history and it appears to have been much neglected.〔From Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)〕
==Ancient Israel==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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