|
A scherzo (; (:ˈskertso); plural scherzos or scherzi), in western classical music, is a piece of music, often a movement from a larger piece such as a symphony or a sonata. The precise definition has varied over the years, but scherzo often refers to a movement that replaces the minuet as the third movement in a four-movement work, such as a symphony, sonata, or string quartet.〔(Britannica Online - scherzo )〕 Scherzo also frequently refers to a fast-moving humorous composition that may or may not be part of a larger work. ==Origins== The word "scherzo," meaning "I joke," "I jest," or "I play" in Italian, is related to the same-root verb: scherzare ("to joke". "to jest"; "to play"). More rarely the similar meaning word "badinerie" (also spelled "battinerie"; from French "jesting") has been used. Sometimes the word "scherzando" ("joking") is used in musical notation to indicate that a passage should be executed in a playful manner. An early use of the word ''scherzo'' in music is in light-hearted madrigals of the early baroque period, which were often called ''scherzi musicali'', for example: * Claudio Monteverdi wrote two sets of works with this title, in 1607 and in 1632. * Antonio Brunelli wrote ''Scherzi, Arie, Canzonette e Madrigale'' for voices and instruments in 1616. * Johann Baptist Schenk wrote ''Scherzi musicale'' (fourteen suites for gamba and continuo).〔Sir Jack Westrup & F. Ll. Harrison, ''Collins Encyclopedia of Music'' (1976 revised edition, Chancellor Press, London, ISBN 0-907486-49-5), p.483〕 Later, composers applied the term ''scherzo'', and sometimes ''badinerie''〔Boyd, Malcolm. ''Oxford Composer Companions: J.S. Bach'', Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 58〕 to certain instrumental works in fast tempos in duple meter time signature, for example: * The scherzo of Johann Sebastian Bach's Partita No. 3 for keyboard.〔Sir Jack Westrup & F. Ll. Harrison, ''Collins Encyclopedia of Music'' (1976 revised edition, Chancellor Press, London, ISBN 0-907486-49-5), p.483〕 * The badinerie is best known for its designation as the final movement of Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B minor. * Badineries in French ''ouvertures'' by Christoph Graupner and Georg Philipp Telemann. The scherzo, as most commonly known today, developed from the minuet, and gradually came to replace it as the third (sometimes second) movement in symphonies, string quartets, sonatas, and similar works. It traditionally retains the triple meter time signature and ternary form of the minuet, but is considerably quicker. It is often, but not always, of a light-hearted nature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「scherzo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|