|
(詳細はshichidō garan'', the group of buildings that forms the heart of a Zen Buddhist temple.〔JAANUS〕 It can be however often found in temples of other denominations too. Most ''sanmon'' are 2- or 3-bay ''nijūmon'' (a type of two-storied gate), but the name by itself does not imply any specific architecture. ==Position, function and structure== Its importance notwithstanding, the ''sanmon'' is not the first gate of the temple, and in fact it usually stands between the ''sōmon'' (outer gate) and the ''butsuden'' (lit. "Hall of Buddha", i.e. the main hall). It used to be connected to a portico-like structure called , which however gradually disappeared during the Muromachi period, being replaced by the , a small building present on both sides of the gate and containing a stairway to the gate's second story.〔 (Both ''sanrō'' are clearly visible in Tōfuku-ji's photo above.) The ''sanmon's'' size is an indicator of a Zen temple's status.〔 Structurally, the ''sanmon'' of a first rank temple as Nanzen-ji in Kyoto is a two-storied, 5x2 bay,〔The space between two pillars, in Japanese〕 three entrance gate (see photo below).〔 Its three gates are called , and and symbolize the three gates to enlightenment, or ''satori''.〔〔Fowler〕 Entering, pilgrims can symbolically free themselves from the three passions of , , and .〔(Zōjō-ji ) accessed on May 1, 2009〕 The fact the gate has entrances but no doors, and cannot therefore be closed, emphasizes its purely symbolic function as a limit between the sacred and the profane. A temple of the second rank will have a two-storied, 3x2-bay, single entrance gate (see photo below). The second story of a first or second rank temple usually contains statues of Shakyamuni or of goddess Kannon, and of the 16 ''Rakan'', and hosts periodical religious ceremonies.〔〔Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten〕 The side bays of ''sanmon'' of the first two ranks may also house statues of the Niō, wardens who are in charge of repelling evil.〔 A third rank temple will have a single-storied, lx2-bay, single entrance gate.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sanmon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|