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pyranometer
A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used to measure broadband solar irradiance on a planar surface and is a sensor that is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from a field of view of 180 degrees. The name pyranometer stems from Greek, "pyr - πῦρ" meaning "fire" and "ano - ἄνω" meaning "above, sky".
A typical pyranometer does not require any power to operate.
== Explanation ==
The solar radiation spectrum extends approximately from 300 to 2,800 nm. Pyranometers usually cover that spectrum with a spectral sensitivity that is as “flat” as possible.
To make a measurement of irradiance, it is required by definition that the response to “beam” radiation varies with the cosine of the angle of incidence, so that there will be a full response when the solar radiation hits the sensor perpendicularly (normal to the surface, sun at zenith, 0 degrees angle of incidence), zero response when the sun is at the horizon (90 degrees angle of incidence, 90 degrees zenith angle), and 0.5 at 60 degrees angle of incidence. It follows that a pyranometer should have a so-called “directional response” or “cosine response” that is close to the ideal cosine characteristic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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