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In Javanese ''wayang'' (shadow puppets), the ''panakawan'' or ''panakavan'' (''phanakavhan'') are the clown servants of the hero. There are four of them – ''Semar'' (also known as ''Ki Lurah Semar''), ''Petruk'', ''Gareng'' and ''Bagong''. ''Semar'' is the personification of a deity, sometimes said to be the ''dhanyang'' or guardian spirit of the island of Java. In Javanese mythology, deities can only manifest themselves as ugly or otherwise unprepossessing humans, and so ''Semar'' is always portrayed as short and fat with a pug nose and a dangling hernia. His three companions are his adopted sons, given to ''Semar'' as votaries by their parents. ''Petruk'' is portrayed as tall and gangling with a long nose, ''Gareng'' as short with a club foot and ''Bagong'' as obese. The panakawan always appear in the second act of a wayang performance – ''pathet sanga'' – as servants to the hero of the story regardless of who that hero is. Similar characters appear in other Indonesian wayang and theatrical traditions, including those of Bali and Sunda, under different names. The panakawan characters are generally much-loved by audiences who attend wayang plays in Indonesia and their appearance in the plays is usually greeted with laughter and anticipation. However, there are sometimes underlying tensions in Indonesian society between the Hindu elements of Javanese culture which the panakawan characters capture and Islamist religious puritan hardliners who oppose secular and other strains of Javanese culture. In an unusual incident in Purwakarta in West Java in September 2011, for example, four wayang statues (of Gatotkaca, Semar, Bima, and Nakula-Sadewa) were destroyed.〔'(Hardliners vandalize, set alight wayang statues in Purwakarta' ), ''The Jakarta Post, 18 September 2011, and '(Letter: Wayang' destruction' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 September 2011.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「punokawan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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