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Prontosil is an antibacterial drug discovered in the 1932 by a research team at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. It has a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria. The discovery and development of this first sulfonamide drug opened a new era in medicine.〔Hager, Thomas: ''The Demon Under the Microscope: From Battlefield Hospitals to Nazi Labs, One Doctor's Heroic Search for the World's First Miracle Drug''. Harmony Books 2006. ISBN 1-4000-8214-5〕 Other names for this substance include sulfamidochrysoïdine, rubiazol, prontosil rubrum, aseptil rojo, streptocide, and sulfamidochrysoïdine hydrochloride. ==History== Sulfonamidochrysoïdine was first synthesized by Bayer chemists Josef Klarer and Fritz Mietzsch as part of a research program designed to find dyes that might act as antibacterial drugs in the body. The molecule was tested and in the late autumn of 1932 was found effective against some important bacterial infections in mice by Gerhard Domagk, who subsequently received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Prontosil was the result of five years of testing involving thousands of compounds related to azo dyes. The crucial test result (in a murine model of ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' systemic infection) that preliminarily established the antibacterial efficacy of Prontosil in mice dates from late December 1931. IG Farben filed a German patent application concerning its medical utility on December 25, 1932.〔Lesch, J. E.: The first miracle drugs: how the sulfa drugs transformed medicine. Chapter 3: Prontosil. Pg. 51. Oxford University Press 2007. ISBN 0-19-518775-X〕 The synthesis of the compound had been first reported by Paul Gelmo, a chemistry student working at the University of Vienna in his 1909 thesis, although he had not realized its medical potential. The readily water-soluble sodium salt of sulfonamidochrysoidine, which gives a burgundy red solution and was trademarked Prontosil Solubile, was clinically investigated between 1932 and 1934, first at the nearby hospital at Wuppertal-Elberfeld headed by Philipp Klee, and then at the Düsseldorf University Hospital. The results were published in a series of articles in the February 15, 1935 issue of Germany's then pre-eminent medical scientific journal, ''Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift'',〔G. Domagk, "Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen", ''Deutsch. Med. Wschr.'', 61, 15 February 1935, p. 250〕 and were initially received with some skepticism by a medical community bent on vaccination and crude immunotherapy. Leonard Colebrook introduced it as a cure for puerperal fever. As impressive clinical successes with Prontosil started to be reported from all over Europe, and especially after a widely published treatment in 1936〔Rubin, R. P. (2007). A brief history of great discoveries in pharmacology: In celebration of the centennial anniversary of the founding of the American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Pharmacological Reviews, 59(4), 289-359. doi: 10.1124/pr.107.70102, from http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/59/4/289.full〕 of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.〔(Medicine: Prontosil ), ''TIME Magazine'', December 28, 1936 (Archived )〕 (a son of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt), acceptance was quick and dozens of medicinal chemistry teams set out to improve Prontosil. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「prontosil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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