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A proa, also seen as ''prau'', ''perahu'', and ''prahu'', is a type of multihull sailing vessel. While the word ''perahu'' and ''proa'' are generic terms meaning ''boat'' in their native languages, ''proa'' in Western languages has come to describe a vessel consisting of two (usually) unequal length parallel hulls. It is sailed so that one hull is kept to windward, and the other to leeward, so that it needs to "shunt" to reverse direction when tacking. The English term ''proa'' usually refers specifically to the South Pacific ''proa'' as described in the journals of the British ship HMS ''Centurion''. The ''perahu'' traditional outrigger boat is most numerous in the various islands of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. These differ from the South Pacific vessels. Traditional proas superficially resemble outrigger canoes, but have a buoyant lee hull and a denser, ballasted hull to windward for stability. To Americans, the boats of the Marianas Islands are arguably the most recognizable version. The modern proa exists in a wide variety of forms, from the traditional archetype still common in areas described, to high-technology interpretations specifically designed for breaking speed-sailing records. ==Etymology== The word ''proa'' comes from ''perahu'', the word for "boat" in Malay (''paraw'' in similar Borneo–Philippine languages and ''prau'' in Javanese), which are similar to the Micronesian language group.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition of Proa )〕 Found in many configurations and forms, the proa was likely developed as a sailing vessel in Micronesia (Pacific Ocean). Variations may be found as distant as Madagascar and Sri Lanka, as far back as the first century. Such vessels go by many names, and "perahu" is a generic umbrella term for any boat smaller than a ship. The "proa" was first documented by the Spanish Magellan expedition to the Philippines circa 1519 CE. The word entered the English language around 1742. (See below). The first illustrations known to Europeans appeared around the middle 19th century in Europe, ushering in a period of interest in the design. Working from the drawings and descriptions of explorers, western builders often took liberties with the traditional designs, merging their interpretation of native designs with Western boat building methods. Thus this Western "proa" often diverged radically from the traditional "proa" to the point that the only shared feature was the windward/leeward hull arrangement. Various native names of the various components of the proa have also entered the jargon of sailing. The main hull of the proa is known as the ''vaka'', the outrigger as the ''ama'', and the outrigger supports as the ''akas''. The terms ''vaka'', ''ama'', and ''aka'' have been adopted in Western sailing to describe the analogous parts in trimarans. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「proa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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