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Prawn is a common name, used particularly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the seafood industry. Shrimp that fall in this category often belong to the suborder Dendrobranchiata. In North America, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. In the United Kingdom, prawn is more common on menus than shrimp, while the opposite is the case in the United States. The term prawn also loosely describes any large shrimp, especially those at 15 (or fewer) to the pound (such as king prawns or jumbo shrimp). ==Prawn versus shrimp== Shrimp and prawn are common names without the formal definition that scientific terms provide. They are terms of convenience with little circumscriptional significance, and do not represent actual taxa.〔Mortenson, Philip B (2010) (''This is not a weasel: a close look at nature's most confusing terms'' ) Pages 106–109, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471273967.〕 According to the crustacean taxonomist Tin-Yam Chan, "The terms shrimp and prawn have no definite reference to any known taxonomic groups. Although the term shrimp is sometimes applied to smaller species, while prawn is more often used for larger forms, there is no clear distinction between both terms and their usage is often confused or even reverse in different countries or regions."〔Chan, T. Y. (1998) (Shrimps and prawns ) In K. E. Carpenter & V. H. Niem. ''The living marine resources of the western central Pacific.'' FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, FAO.〕 A lot of confusion surrounds the scope of the term shrimp. Part of the confusion originates with the association of smallness. That creates problems with shrimp-like species that are not small. The expression "jumbo shrimp" can be viewed as an oxymoron, a problem that does not exist with the commercial designation "jumbo prawns".〔Blumenfeld, Warren S. (1986) (''Jumbo shrimp & other almost perfect oxymorons'' ) Putnam. ISBN 9780399513060.〕 The term shrimp originated around the 14th century with the Middle English ', akin to the Middle Low German ', and meaning to contract or wrinkle; and the Old Norse ', meaning to shrivel up. It is not clear where the term prawn originated, but early forms of the word surfaced in England in the early 15th century as ''prayne, praine'' and ''prane''.〔(prawn )''Online Etymology Dictionary''. Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕〔(Prawn ) ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 5 August 2012.〕〔Liberman, Anatoly (2012) (After ‘shrimp’ comes ‘prawn’ ) ''Oxford University Press's Blog'', 16 May 2012.〕 According to the linguist Anatoly Liberman, it is unclear how shrimp, in English, came to be associated with small. "No Germanic language associates the shrimp with its size... The same holds for Romance... it remains unclear in what circumstances the name was applied to the crustacean."〔Liberman, Anatoly (2012) (A scrumptious shrimp with a riddle ) ''Oxford University Press's Blog'', 18 April 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「prawn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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