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planetarium
A planetarium (plural planetaria or ''planetariums'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.〔King, Henry C. "Geared to the Stars; the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks" University of Toronto Press, 1978〕〔''Directory of Planetariums, 2005'', International Planetarium Society〕〔''CATNYP'' -- ''Catalog of New York Planetariums, 1982''〕
A dominant feature of most planetaria is the large dome-shaped projection screen onto which scenes of stars, planets and other celestial objects can be made to appear and move realistically to simulate the complex 'motions of the heavens'. The celestial scenes can be created using a wide variety of technologies, for example precision-engineered 'star balls' that combine optical and electro-mechanical technology, slide projector, video and fulldome projector systems, and lasers. Whatever technologies are used, the objective is normally to link them together to provide an accurate relative motion of the sky. Typical systems can be set to display the sky at any point in time, past or present, and often to show the night sky as it would appear from any point of latitude on Earth.
Planetaria range in size from the Hayden Planetarium's 21-meter dome seating 423 people, to three-meter inflatable portable domes where children sit on the floor. Such portable planetaria serve education programs outside of the permanent installations of museums and science centers.
The term ''planetarium'' is sometimes used generically to describe other devices which illustrate the solar system, such as a computer simulation or an orrery. ''Planetarium software'' refers to a software application that renders a three-dimensional image of the sky onto a two-dimensional computer screen. The term ''planetarian'' is used to describe a member of the professional staff of a planetarium.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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