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pistol : ウィキペディア英語版
pistol

A pistol is a type of handgun. Some handgun experts and dictionaries make a technical distinction that views pistols as a subset of handguns; others use the terms interchangeably. Sometimes in usage, the term "pistol" refers to a handgun having one chamber integral with the barrel,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pistol – Definition )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British Dictionary definitions for pistol )〕 making pistols distinct from the other main type of handgun, the revolver, which has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Revolver – Definition )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Revolver – Define Revolver )〕 But UK/Commonwealth usage does not always make this distinction, particularly when the terms are used by the military. For example, the official designation of the Webley Mk VI revolver was "Pistol, Revolver, Webley, No. 1 Mk VI".〔Skennerton, Ian D., ''Small Arms Identification Series No. 9: .455 Pistol, Revolver No. 1 Mk VI'', p. 10, Arms & Militaria Press, 1997.〕 In contrast to Merriam-Webster〔〔 the Oxford English Dictionary (a descriptive dictionary) describes 'pistol' as a small firearm to be used in one hand〔"pistol, n.". OED Online. December 2014. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144645?rskey=BtMENp&result=1 (accessed 21 January 2015).〕 and the usage of "revolver" as being a type of handgun〔"revolver, n.". OED Online. December 2014. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/164985 (accessed 21 January 2015)〕 and gives its original form as "revolving pistol" 〔"revolver, n.". OED Online. December 2014. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/164985 (accessed 21 January 2015).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=revolver: definition of revolver )
==History and etymology==

The pistol originates in the 16th century, when early handguns were produced in Europe. The English word was introduced in ca. 1570 from the Middle French ''pistolet'' (ca. 1550).
The etymology of the French word ''pistolet'' is disputed. It may be from a Czech word for early hand cannons, ''píšťala'' "flute", or alternatively from Italian ''pistolese'', after Pistoia, a city renowned for Renaissance-era gunsmithing, where hand-held guns (designed to be fired from horseback) were first produced in the 1540s.〔The War Office (UK): Textbook of Small Arms (1929), page 86. H.M. Stationery Office (UK), 1929.〕
The first suggestion derives the word from Czech ''píšťala'', a type of hand-cannon used in the Hussite Wars during the 1420s. The Czech word was adopted in German as ''pitschale'', ''pitschole'', ''petsole'', and variants.
The second suggestion is less likely; the use of the word as a designation of a gun is not documented before 1605 in Italy, long after it was used in French and German. The Czech word is well documented since the Hussite wars in 1420s.〔http://nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz/archiv.php?art=1876〕
Other suggestions include from Middle High German ''pischulle'' or from Middle French ''pistole''.
Also it is suggested that early pistols were carried by cavalry in holsters hung from the pommel (or ''pistallo'' in medieval French) of a horse's saddle.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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