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A petticoat or underskirt is an article of clothing; specifically an undergarment to be worn under a skirt or a dress. The petticoat is a separate garment hanging from the waist (unlike the chemise). In historical contexts (sixteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries), ''petticoat'' refers to any separate skirt worn with a gown, bedgown, bodice or jacket; these petticoats are not, strictly speaking, underwear as they were made to be seen. In both historical and modern contexts, ''petticoat'' refers to skirt-like undergarments worn for warmth or to give the skirt or dress the desired fashionable shape. In this context a petticoat may be called a ''waist slip'' or ''underskirt'' (UK) or ''half slip'' (US), with ''petticoat'' restricted to extremely full garments. ''Petticoat'' can also refer to a full-length slip in the UK,〔''Oxford English Dictionary'' (1989) "A light loose undergarment... hanging from the shoulders or waist"〕 although this usage is somewhat old-fashioned. ''Petticoat'' is the standard name in English for any underskirt worn as part of non-Western clothing such as the lehenga with the sari. == History == The practice of wearing petticoats as undergarments was well established by 1585. Petticoats were worn throughout history by women who wanted to have the currently fashionable shape created by their clothing. The petticoats, if sufficiently full or stiff, would hold the overskirt out in a pleasingly domed shape and give the impression of a smaller waist than the wearer actually had. It would also complement the desired large bust. Elaborately decorated petticoats were worn under open-fronted gowns and looped overskirts from the mid-16th century. Eighteen century petticoats of wool or silk were often quilted for additional warmth and were worn with matching short gowns or jackets, which could be fashioned like a man's jacket with military details and trimmings. These ankle-length petticoats remained a rural fashion, especially in the UK, into the 19th century and are a part of the traditional Welsh costume. Elaborate, lacy petticoats were worn with elegant silk dresses in the 18th century in much of Europe and America, sometimes supported by whalebone frames. ''The Devil's Brother'', the Laurel and Hardy film adaptation of Daniel Auber's comic opera ''Fra Diavolo'', offers a glimpse of the intricate petticoats, corsets, and other undergarments worn in the 18th century, especially in a scene where actress Thelma Todd prepares for bed, assisted by a maid. Colored pictures, called "fashion plates", were used to advertise the popular dresses and lingerie of the 18th century, a practice that continued through the 19th century until the introduction of photography around 1840. In the early 19th century, dresses became narrower and simpler with much less lingerie. Then, as the waltz became popular in the 1820s, full-skirted gowns with petticoats were revived in Europe and the United States. By the mid 19th century, petticoats were worn over hoops, which were placed over other underwear, including a corset cover, a corset, and drawers. The popular novel ''Gone with the Wind'' provides considerable, detailed descriptions of these fashions. One scene in the 1939 film adaptation with actress Vivien Leigh gives a good idea of the layers of petticoats and underwear that were worn in the 1860s. The sheer weight of the clothing, along with the tightness of the corsets, sometimes caused women to faint. The voluminous, layered Victorian petticoats were fashionable in the eras when "full-bodied" was associated with health, wealth, and belonging to a higher class in the social structure, while "skinny" was associated with sickness, poverty, and belonging to a lower class. The use of multiple petticoats continued to be popular until the 1870s, when the bustle was introduced, resulting in a return of narrower skirts. Some full-skirted gowns with petticoats were revived in the 1890s into the early 20th century, but most women continued to wear relatively narrow skirts. The "Gibson Girl" look with white blouses and long, narrow skirts was very popular during the late 19th and early 20th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「petticoat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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