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peppermint
Peppermint (''Mentha × piperita'', also known as ''M. balsamea'' Willd.) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint.〔The Complete Illustrated Book of Herbs, Alex Frampton, The Reader's Digest Association, 2009〕 The plant, indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, is now widespread in cultivation in many regions of the world.〔Euro+Med Plantbase Project: (''Mentha × piperita'' )〕 It is found wild occasionally with its parent species.〔〔Flora of NW Europe: (''Mentha × piperita'' ) 〕
==Botany==
Peppermint (Nepali: पुदिना) was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus from specimens that had been collected in England; he treated it as a species,〔Linnaeus, C. (1753). ''Species Plantarum'' 2: 576–577.〕 but it is now universally agreed to be a hybrid.〔Harley, R. M. (1975). ''Mentha'' L. In: Stace, C. A., ed. ''Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles'' page 387.〕
It is a herbaceous rhizomatous perennial plant growing to tall, with smooth stems, square in cross section. The rhizomes are wide-spreading, fleshy, and bare fibrous roots. The leaves are from long and broad, dark green with reddish veins, and with an acute apex and coarsely toothed margins. The leaves and stems are usually slightly fuzzy. The flowers are purple, long, with a four-lobed corolla about diameter; they are produced in whorls (verticillasters) around the stem, forming thick, blunt spikes. Flowering is from mid to late summer. The chromosome number is variable, with 2n counts of 66, 72, 84, and 120 recorded.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mentha x piperita - Peppermint - Flora of Northwest Europe )〕〔Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.〕〔Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2〕 Peppermint is a fast-growing plant; once it sprouts, it spreads very quickly.
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