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pansy
The garden pansy is a type of large-flowered hybrid plant cultivated as a garden flower.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy )〕 It is derived by hybridization from several species in the section ''Melanium'' ("the pansies") of the genus ''Viola'', particularly ''Viola tricolor'', a wildflower of Europe and western Asia known as heartsease. Some of these hybrids are referred to as ''Viola'' × ''wittrockiana'' Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler. For simplicity, the older name ''Viola tricolor'' var. ''hortensis'' is often used.
The garden pansy flower is two to three inches in diameter and has two slightly overlapping upper petals, two side petals, and a single bottom petal with a slight beard emanating from the flower's center. These petals are usually white or yellow, purplish, or blue. The plant may grow to nine inches in height, and prefers sun to varying degrees and well-draining soils.
== Names and terminology ==
English common names, such as "pansy", "viola" and "violet" may be used interchangeably. One possible distinction is that plants considered to be "pansies" are classified in ''Viola'' sect. ''Melanium'', and have four petals pointing upwards (the two side petals point upwards), and only one pointing down, whereas those considered to be "violets" are classified in ''Viola'' sect. ''Viola'', and have two petals pointing up and three pointing down.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Viola cornuta (horned pansy) )〕 Another possible distinction is made by the American Violet Society – the International Cultivar Registration Authority for the genus ''Viola''. It divides cultivated varieties (cultivars) in ''Viola'' sect. ''Melanium'' into four subgroups: B1 – pansies, B2 – violas, B3 – violettas and B4 – cornuta hybrids. On this classification, modern "pansies" differ from the other three subgroups by possessing a well-defined "blotch" or "eye" in the middle of the flower.
Modern horticulturalists tend to use the term "pansy" for those multi-coloured large-flowered hybrids that are grown for bedding purposes every year, while "viola" is usually reserved for smaller, more delicate annuals and perennials.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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