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Oxycodone is a semisynthetic opioid synthesized from thebaine, an opioid alkaloid found in the Persian poppy and one of the many opioid alkaloids found in the opium poppy. It is an analgesic generally indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain. It was developed in 1917 in Germany〔German (DE) Patent 296916〕〔 as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids in an attempt to improve on the existing opioids. Oxycodone is available as single-ingredient medication in immediate release and controlled release. Parenteral formulations of 10 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL are available in the U.K. for IV/IM administration. Combination products are also available as immediate release formulations, with non-narcotic ingredients such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and paracetamol (acetaminophen); a combination with naloxone is available in managed-release tablets. The naloxone precipitates opioid withdrawal symptoms and blocks the faster onset were the tablet to be crushed and filtered for injection or otherwise tampered with in a manner not intended. ==Medical uses== Oxycodone has been in clinical use since 1916,〔 and it is used for managing moderate to moderately severe acute or chronic pain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html )〕 It has been found to improve quality of life for those with many types of pain. However, prescribing errors, diversion and misuse can lead to severe addiction and accidental overdose possibly resulting in death. The controlled-release oral tablet form is intended to be taken every 12 hours. Oxycodone is clearly useful for acute pain, as is the case with other opioids, and in some instances of chronic pain, cancer-related and otherwise. Experts are divided regarding the efficacy of all opioids in non-malignant chronic pain. Opioids induce acute pain relief, but most of them have the strong potential for dependence, withdrawal, and the induction of pain sensitivity and hyperalgesia, thereby causing the symptom (pain) that they are being used to treat. An Italian study concluded from investigating multiple studies that controlled-release oxycodone is comparable to instant-release oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone in management of moderate to severe cancer pain. The study indicated that side effects appear to be less than those associated with morphine and that it is a valid alternative to morphine and a first-line treatment for cancer pain. In 2014, the European Association for Palliative Care recommended that oral oxycodone could be taken as a second-line alternative to oral morphine for cancer pain. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「oxycodone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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