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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク orientifold ： ウィキペディア英語版 orientifold In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non-trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the orientation of the string. Orientifolding therefore produces unoriented strings—strings that carry no "arrow" and whose two opposite orientations are equivalent. Type I string theory is the simplest example of such a theory and can be obtained by orientifolding type IIB string theory. In mathematical terms, given a smooth manifold $\backslash mathcal$, two discrete, freely acting, groups $G\_$ and $G\_$ and the worldsheet parity operator $\backslash Omega\_$ (such that $\backslash Omega\_\; :\; \backslash sigma\; \backslash to\; 2\backslash pi\; -\; \backslash sigma$) an orientifold is expressed as the quotient space $\backslash mathcal/(G\_\; \backslash cup\; \backslash Omega\; G\_)$. If $G\_$ is empty, then the quotient space is an orbifold. If $G\_$ is not empty, then it is an orientifold. == Application to string theory == In string theory $\backslash mathcal$ is the compact space formed by rolling up the theory's extra dimensions, specifically a six-dimensional Calabi-Yau space. The simplest viable compact spaces are those formed by modifying a torus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「orientifold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.