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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク observability ： ウィキペディア英語版 observability In control theory, observability is a measure for how well internal states of a system can be inferred by knowledge of its external outputs. The observability and controllability of a system are mathematical duals. The concept of observability was introduced by American-Hungarian engineer Rudolf E. Kalman for linear dynamic systems.〔Kalman R. E., "On the General Theory of Control Systems", Proc. 1st Int. Cong. of IFAC, Moscow 1960 1 481, Butterworth, London 1961.〕〔Kalman R. E., "Mathematical Description of Linear Dynamical Systems", SIAM J. Contr. 1963 1 152〕 ==Definition== Formally, a system is said to be observable if, for any possible sequence of state and control vectors, the current state can be determined in finite time using only the outputs (this definition is slanted towards the state space representation). Less formally, this means that from the system's outputs it is possible to determine the behaviour of the entire system. If a system is not observable, this means the current values of some of its states cannot be determined through output sensors. This implies that their value is unknown to the controller (although they can be estimated through various means). For time-invariant linear systems in the state space representation, there is a convenient test to check if a system is observable. Consider a SISO system with $n$ states (see state space for details about MIMO systems), if the row rank of the following ''observability matrix'' :$\backslash mathcal=\backslash begin\; C\; \backslash \backslash \; CA\; \backslash \backslash \; CA^2\; \backslash \backslash \; \backslash vdots\; \backslash \backslash \; CA^\; \backslash end$ is equal to $n$, then the system is observable. The rationale for this test is that if $n$ rows are linearly independent, then each of the $n$ states is viewable through linear combinations of the output variables $y(k)$. A module designed to estimate the state of a system from measurements of the outputs is called a state observer or simply an observer for that system. ;Observability index The Observability index $v$ of a linear time-invariant discrete system is the smallest natural number for which is satisfied that $\backslash text\; =\; \backslash text$, where :$\backslash mathcal\_v=\backslash begin\; C\; \backslash \backslash \; CA\; \backslash \backslash \; CA^2\; \backslash \backslash \; \backslash vdots\; \backslash \backslash \; CA^\; \backslash end.$ ;Detectability A slightly weaker notion than observability is detectability. A system is detectable if all the unstable modes are observable.〔http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~gajic/psfiles/chap5traCO.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「observability」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.