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microevolution
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population.〔(Microevolution: What is microevolution? )〕 This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow, and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed 'macroevolution' which is where greater differences in the population occur.
Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.
Microevolution over time leads to speciation or the appearance of novel structure, sometimes classified as macroevolution.〔 Macro and microevolution describe fundamentally identical processes on different scales.〔〔〔SA 80, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/15-answers-to-creationist/〕
==Contrast with macroevolution==
Microevolution can be contrasted with macroevolution, which is the occurrence of large-scale changes in gene frequencies in a population over a geological time period (i.e. consisting of either rapid or extended microevolution). The difference is largely one of approach. Microevolution is reductionist, but macroevolution is holistic. Each approach offers different insights into the evolution process. Macroevolution can be seen as the sum of periods of microevolution, and thus the two are qualitatively identical while being quantitatively different.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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