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Marmots are large squirrels in the genus ''Marmota'', of which there are 15 species. Some species live in mountainous areas, such as the Alps, northern Apennines, Carpathians, Tatras, and Pyrenees in Europe and northwestern Asia; the Rocky Mountains, Black Hills, Cascades, Pacific Ranges, and Sierra Nevada in North America; and the Deosai Plateau in Pakistan and Ladakh in India. Other species prefer rough grassland and can be found widely across North America and the Eurasian steppes. The similarly sized, but more social, prairie dog is not classified in the genus ''Marmota'' but in the related genus ''Cynomys''. Marmots typically live in burrows (often within rockpiles, particularly in the case of the yellow-bellied marmot), and hibernate there through the winter. Most marmots are highly social and use loud whistles to communicate with one another, especially when alarmed. Marmots mainly eat greens and many types of grasses, berries, lichens, mosses, roots, and flowers. == Subgenera and species == The following is a list of all ''Marmota'' species recognized by Thorington and Hoffman〔Thorington, R. W., Jr., and R. S. Hoffman. (2005). "Family Sciuridae". ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'', pp. 754–818. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.〕 plus the recently defined ''M. kastschenkoi''.〔 They divide marmots into two subgenera. *Genus ''Marmota'' – marmots * *Subgenus ''Marmota'' * * *Alpine marmot, ''M. marmota'' found only in Europe in the Alps, northern Apennines in Italy, Carpathians, Tatras, and reintroduced in the Pyrenees * * *Forest-steppe marmot, ''M. kastschenkoi'' found in south Russia * * *Gray marmot or Altai marmot, ''M. baibacina'' found in Siberia * * *Bobak marmot, ''M. bobak'' found from central Europe to central Asia * * *Alaska marmot, Brower's marmot, or Brooks Range marmot, ''M. broweri'' found in Alaska * * *Black-capped marmot, ''M. camtschatica'' found in eastern Siberia * * *Long-tailed marmot, golden marmot, or red marmot, ''M. caudata'' found in central Asia * * *Himalayan marmot or Tibetan snow pig, ''M. himalayana'' found in the Himalayas * * *Menzbier's marmot, ''M. menzbieri'' found in central Asia * * *Groundhog, woodchuck, or whistlepig, ''M. monax'' found in most of North America * * *Tarbagan marmot, Mongolian marmot, or ''tarvaga'', ''M. sibirica'' found in Siberia * *Subgenus ''Petromarmota'' * * *Hoary marmot, ''M. caligata'' found in northwestern North America (Canada and Alaska) * * *Yellow-bellied marmot, ''M. flaviventris'' found in southwestern Canada and western United States * * *Olympic marmot, ''M. olympus'' endemic to the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA * * *Vancouver Island marmot, ''M. vancouverensis'' endemic to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada Additionally, four extinct species of marmot are recognized from the fossil record: *†''Marmota arizonae'', Arizona, U.S. *†''Marmota minor'', Nevada, U.S. *†''Marmota robusta'', China *†''Marmota vestus'', Nebraska, U.S. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「marmot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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