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malcontent
The malcontent is a character type that often appeared in early modern drama. The character is discontent with the social structure and other characters in the play—and is often an outsider who observes and comments on the action, and may even acknowledge they are in a play. Shakespeare's Richard III and Iago in ''Othello'' are typical malcontents.
The role is usually both political and dramatic, with the malcontent voicing dissatisfaction with the usually 'Machiavellian' political atmosphere and often using asides to build up a kind of self-consciousness and awareness of the text itself that other characters in the play lack.
Important malcontents include Bosola in Webster's ''The Duchess of Malfi'', Vindice in Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy, Malevole in Marston's ''The Malcontent'', and Hamlet in Shakespeare's ''Hamlet''.
The morality and sympathy of the malcontent is highly variable, as in the examples above. Sometimes, as in ''Hamlet'' and ''The Malcontent'', they are the sympathetic centre of the play, whereas Iago is a very unsympathetic character. The most important thing about the malcontent is that the character is malcontent—unhappy, unsettled, displeased with the world of the play, eager to change it somehow, or to dispute with it. The malcontent is an objective or quasi-objective voice that comments on the play's concerns as though somehow above or beyond them. The concept has much to do with the Renaissance idea of 'humours' and a surfeit of 'black bile' which caused melancholy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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