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Kundalini (Sanskrit , , , "coiled one"), in yogic theory, is a primal energy, or ''shakti'', located at the base of the spine. Different spiritual traditions teach methods of "awakening" kundalini for the purpose of reaching spiritual enlightenment. Kundalini is described as lying "coiled" at the base of the spine, represented as either a goddess or sleeping serpent waiting to be awakened. In modern commentaries, Kundalini has been called an unconscious, instinctive or libidinal force, 〔Flood (1996), p. 99.〕〔Harper et al. (2002), p. 94〕〔McDaniel (2004), p. 103〕 or "mother energy or intelligence of complete maturation".〔Sovatsky, Stuart (1998). "Words from the Soul: Time, East/West Spirituality, and Psychotherapeutic Narrative". Albany: State University of New York Press〕 Kundalini awakening is said to result in deep meditation, enlightenment and bliss.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yogajournal.com/basics/1336 )〕 This awakening involves the Kundalini physically moving up the central channel to reach within the Sahasrara Chakra at the top of the head. Many systems of yoga focus on the awakening of Kundalini through meditation, pranayama breathing, the practice of asana and chanting of mantras.〔 In physical terms, one commonly reports the Kundalini experience to be a feeling of electric current running along the spine. ==Etymology== The concept of Kundalini is mentioned in Upanishads (9th century BCE - 3rd century BCE). The Sanskrit adjective ' means "circular, annular". It does occur as a noun for "a snake" (in the sense "coiled", as in "forming ringlets") in the 12th-century ''Rajatarangini'' chronicle (I.2). ', a noun with the meaning "bowl, water-pot" is found as the name of a Naga in Mahabharata 1.4828. The 8th-century ''Tantrasadbhava Tantra'' uses the term ''kundalī'' ("ring, bracelet; coil (of a rope)"). The use of ''kuṇḍalī'' as a name of Durga or of a Shakti appears as a technical term in Tantrism and Shaktism as early as c. the 11th century, in the ''Śaradatilaka''.〔André Padoux, ''Vāc: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras'', SUNY Press, 1990, 124-136.〕 It is adopted as ''kuṇḍalniī'' as a technical term into Hatha yoga in the 15th century and becomes widely used in the Yoga Upanishads by the 16th century. Eknath Easwaran has paraphrased the term as "the coiled power," a force which ordinarily rests at the base of the spine, described as being "coiled there like a serpent".〔Eknath Easwaran, ''A Glossary of Sanskrit from the Spiritual Tradition of India'', Berkeley, Blue Mountain Center of Meditation, 1970, p. 5〕 The phrase ''serpent power'' was coined by Sir John Woodroffe, who published his translation of two 16th-century treatises on ''laya yoga'' (Kundalini yoga) in 1919 under this title. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kundalini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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