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/ |native_name = ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ / ꦮꦁꦏꦶꦔꦤ꧀ |native_name_lang = jav |image = 260px |caption = The kris consists of three parts; blade (''wilah''), hilt (''hulu'') and sheath (''warangka'') |origin = Java, Indonesia |type = Dagger |is_bladed = Yes |service = Singhasari Kingdom, Majapahit Empire, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Malaccan Empire, Demak Sultanate, Mataram Sultanate, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Surakarta Sunanate, Bruneian Empire, Sultanate of Sulu, Sultanate of Maguindanao, present day Indonesia |used_by = Javanese (mainly & originally) * Also familiar to Malays, Filipinos, Sundanese, Banjar, Madurese, Balinese, Moro, Siamese |wars = Pamalayu expedition, Mongol invasion of Java, Battle of Bubat, Majapahit civil war, Siege of Batavia, Diponegoro War, Indonesian National Revolution, Spanish-Moro Conflict |designer = |design_date = |manufacturer = |unit_cost = |production_date = disputed (?) to present |number = |variants = Kalis |spec_label = |weight = |length = |part_length = |width = |height = |diameter = |crew = |blade_type = Double edged nickelous iron or steel |hilt_type = Ivory, bone, horn, wooden or metals. Sometimes coated with gold or silver and decorated with gemstones |sheath_type = Wooden frame covered and decorated with ivory or metals (gold, silver, copper, iron or brass) |head_type = |haft_type = }} The kris (''Ngoko'' Javanese: ;〔Kamus Pepak Basa Jawa,Sudaryanto/Pranowo, 2001, #1359〕 ''Krama'' Javanese: ;〔See: Javanese language: Politeness〕 ''Ngoko'' Gêdrìk: ''kêrìs'' ; ''Krama'' Gêdrìk: ''wangkingan''; lit. "to slice") is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). While most strongly associated with the culture of Indonesia the kris is also known to Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Singapore and the southern Philippines where it is known as kalis with variants existing as a sword rather than a dagger. The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, although many have straight blades as well. Kris have been produced in many regions of Indonesia for centuries, but nowhere is the kris so embedded in a mutually-connected whole of ritual prescriptions and acts, ceremonies, mythical backgrounds and epic poetry as in Central Java (although the island of Bali comes close). As a result, in Indonesia the kris is commonly associated with Javanese culture, although other ethnicities are familiar with the weapon as part of their culture, such as the Balinese, Sundanese, Madurese, Banjar, Malays, Thais, and Moros. A kris can be divided into three parts: blade (''bilah'' or ''wilah''), hilt (''hulu''), and sheath (''warangka''). These parts of the kris are objects of art, often carved in meticulous detail and made from various materials: metal, precious or rare types of wood, or gold or ivory. A kris's aesthetic value covers the ''dhapur'' (the form and design of the blade, with around 60 variants), the ''pamor'' (the pattern of metal alloy decoration on the blade, with around 250 variants), and ''tangguh'' referring to the age and origin of a kris.〔(UNESCO Indonesian Kris )〕 Depending on the quality and historical value of the kris, it can fetch thousands of dollars or more. Both a weapon and spiritual object, kris are often considered to have an essence or presence, considered to possess magical powers, with some blades possessing good luck and others possessing bad.〔 Kris are used for display, as talismans with magical powers, weapons, a sanctified heirloom (''pusaka''), auxiliary equipment for court soldiers, an accessory for ceremonial dress, an indicator of social status, a symbol of heroism, etc.〔 Legendary kris that possess supernatural power and extraordinary ability were mentioned in traditional folktales, such as those of Empu Gandring, Taming Sari, and Setan Kober. In 2005, UNESCO gave the title Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity to the kris of Indonesia. In return, UNESCO urged Indonesia to preserve their heritage.〔 ==Etymology== The word ''kris'' derives from the Old Javanese term ngiris (Javanese: ) which means to slice, wedge or silver. "Kris" is the more frequently used spelling in the West, but "keris" is more popular in the dagger's native lands, as exemplified by the late Bambang Harsrinuksmo's popular book entitled ''Ensiklopedi Keris'' (Kris Encyclopedia). Two notable exceptions are the Philippines, where it is usually called kalis or kris, and Thailand, where it is always spelled and pronounced as kris. Other spellings used by European colonists include "cryse", "crise", "criss", "kriss" and "creese." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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