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kleptocracy
Kleptocracy, alternatively cleptocracy or kleptarchy, (from (ギリシア語:κλέπτης) - ''kleptēs'', "thief"〔(κλέπτης ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 and κράτος - ''kratos'', "power, rule",〔(κράτος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 hence "rule by thieves") is a term applied to a government seen as having a particularly severe and systemic problem with officials or a ruling class (collectively, kleptocrats) taking advantage of corruption to extend their personal wealth and political power. Typically this system involves the embezzlement of state funds at the expense of the wider population, sometimes without even the pretense of honest service.
==Characteristics==
Kleptocracies are generally associated with dictatorships, oligarchies, military juntas, or other forms of autocratic and nepotist governments in which external oversight is impossible or does not exist. This lack of oversight can be caused or exacerbated by the ability of the kleptocratic officials to control both the supply of public funds and the means disbursal for those funds. Kleptocratic rulers often treat their country's treasury as a source of personal wealth, spending funds on luxury goods and extravagances as they see fit. Many kleptocratic rulers secretly transfer public funds into hidden personal numbered bank accounts in foreign countries to provide for themselves if removed from power.
Kleptocracy is most common in developing countries whose economies are based on the export of natural resources. Such export incomes constitute a form of economic rent and are easier to siphon off without causing the income to decrease.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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