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impeachment
Impeachment is a formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment.
==Etymology and history==
The word "impeachment" derives from Latin roots expressing the idea of becoming caught or entrapped, and has analogues in the modern French verb ''empêcher'' (to prevent) and the modern English ''impede''. Medieval popular etymology also associated it (wrongly) with derivations from the Latin ''impetere'' (to attack). (In its more frequent and more technical usage, impeachment of a witness means challenging the honesty or credibility of that person.)
The impeachment process should not be confused with a recall election, which is usually initiated by voters and can be based on "political charges", for example mismanagement. Impeachment is initiated by a constitutional body (usually legislative) and usually—but not always—stems from an indictable offense. The steps that remove the official from office are also different.
Impeachment was first used in the British political system. Specifically, the process was first used by the English "Good Parliament" against Baron Latimer in the second half of the 14th century. Following the British example, the constitutions of Virginia (1776), Massachusetts (1780) and other states thereafter adopted the impeachment mechanism; however, they restricted the punishment to ''removal'' of the official from office. In private organizations, a motion to impeach can be used to prefer charges.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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