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idoxuridine
Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug.
It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s.〔Prusoff, W.H. (1959) ''Synthesis and biological activities of iododeoxyuridine, an analog of thymidine.'' (Biochim Biophys Acta. March; 32(1): 295–296. )〕 Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.
==Clinical use==
Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis.〔Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.〕 Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive.〔Maxwell E. Treatment of herpes keratitis with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU): a clinical evaluation of 1500 cases. ''Am. J. Ophthalmol''., 1963, 56, 571-573.〕 Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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