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In Islam, ''iddah'' or ''iddat'' ((アラビア語:العدة); ''period of waiting'') is the period a woman must observe after the death of her spouse or after a divorce, during which she may not marry another man. Its purpose is to ensure that the male parent of any offspring produced after the cessation of a nikah (marriage) would be known. The length of ''iddah'' varies according to a number of circumstances. The iddah of a woman divorced by her husband is three monthly periods, unless she is pregnant in which case the ‘iddah lasts until she gives birth,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://islamqa.info/en/12667 )〕 or unless the marriage was not consummated in which case there is no `iddah,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://islamqa.info/en/99597 )〕 or unless she does not menstruate, in which case "the scholars say that she should observe an ‘iddah of a full year, nine months for pregnancy and three months for ‘iddah."〔 For a woman whose husband has died, the `iddah is four lunar months and ten days after the death of their husbands,〔〔"And those of you who die and leave widows behind, they should keep themselves in waiting for four months and ten days. Then when they have fulfilled their term, there is no blame on you about what they do with themselves in accordance with the norms (society ). And Allah is well acquainted with what you do. And there is also no blame on you if you tacitly send a marriage proposal to these women or hold it in your hearts. Allah knows that you would definitely talk to them. (so ) but do not make a secret contract. Of course you can say something in accordance with the norms (the society ). And do not decide to marry until the law reaches its term. And know that Allah has knowledge of what is in your hearts; so be fearful of Him and know that Allah is Most forgiving and Most Forbearing." 〕 whether or not the marriage was consummated.〔〔http://islamqa.info/en/ref/101546〕 The period, four months and ten days after the death of a spouse, is calculated on the number of menses that a woman has. Islamic scholars consider this directive to be a balance between mourning of husband's death and protecting the widow from criticism that she might be subjected to from remarrying too quickly after her husband’s death.〔Amin Ahsan Islahi, Tadabbur-i-Quran, 2nd ed., vol. 1, (Lahore: Faran Foundation, 1986), p. 546〕 This is also to ascertain whether a woman is pregnant or not, since four and a half months is half the length of a normal pregnancy.〔Shehzad Saleem. ''(The Social Directives of Islam: Distinctive Aspects of Ghamidi’s Interpretation )'', Renaissance. March, 2004.〕 Husbands should make a will in favor of their wives for the provision of one year’s residence and maintenance, unless the wives themselves leave the house or take any other similar step.〔"And those of you who die and leave widows should bequeath for their widows a year’s provision and () that (this period ) they shall not be turned out of their residences; but if they themselves leave the residence, there is no blame on you for what they do with themselves according to the norms of society. And Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise." 〕 ==Qur'an== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「iddah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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