|
The hoopoe (''Upupa epops'', "hudhud") is a colourful bird found across Afro-Eurasia, notable for its distinctive "crown" of feathers. It is the only extant species in the family Upupidae. One insular species, the Saint Helena hoopoe, is extinct, and the Madagascar subspecies of the hoopoe is sometimes elevated to a full species. Like the Latin name ''upupa'', the English name is an onomatopoeic form which imitates the cry of the bird. The hoopoe is the national bird of Israel. ==Taxonomy and systematics== The hoopoe was classified in the clade Coraciiformes, which also includes kingfishers, bee-eaters, and rollers. A close relationship between the hoopoe and the woodhoopoes is also supported by the shared and unique nature of their stapes. In the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, the hoopoe is separated from the Coraciiformes as a separate order, the Upupiformes. Some authorities place the woodhoopoes in the Upupiformes as well. Now the consenus is that both hoopoe and the wood hoopoes, along with the hornbills are placed in Bucerotiformes. The fossil record of the hoopoes is very incomplete, with the earliest fossil coming from the Quaternary.〔 The fossil record of their relatives is older, with fossil woodhoopoes dating back to the Miocene and those of an extinct related family, the Messelirrisoridae, dating from the Eocene.〔 It is the only extant member of its family, although some treatments consider some of the subspecies as separate species. Several authors have separated the Madagascan subspecies (''U. e. marginata'') as a separate species, and also the resident African form ''U. e. africana''. The morphological differences between the most commonly split subspecies, ''U. e. marginata'', and the other subspecies are minor, and only ''U. e. marginata'' has distinctly different vocalisations.〔 One accepted separate species, the Saint Helena hoopoe, ''U. antaios'', lived on the island of St Helena but became extinct in the 16th century, presumably due to introduced species. The genus ''Upupa'' was created by Linnaeus in his ''Systema naturae'' in 1758. It then included three other species with long curved bills:〔 〕 *''U. eremita'' (now ''Geronticus eremita''), the northern bald ibis *''U. pyrrhocorax'' (now ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''), the red-billed chough *''U. paradisea'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hoopoe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|