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heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the belief that people fall into distinct and complementary genders (man and woman) with natural roles in life. It asserts that heterosexuality is the only sexual orientation or only norm, and states that sexual and marital relations are most (or only) fitting between people of opposite sexes. Consequently, a "heteronormative" view is one that involves alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity and gender roles. Heteronormativity is often linked to heterosexism and homophobia.〔Lovaas, Karen, and Mercilee M. Jenkins. ("Charting a Path through the 'Desert of Nothing.'" ) Sexualities and Communication in Everyday Life: A Reader. 8 July 2006. Sage Publications Inc. 5 May 2008〕
==Origin of the term==
Michael Warner popularized the term in 1991,〔Warner, Michael (1991), "Introduction: Fear of a Queer Planet". ''Social Text''; 9 (4 ()): 3–17〕 in one of the first major works of queer theory. The concept's roots are in Gayle Rubin's notion of the "sex/gender system" and Adrienne Rich's notion of compulsory heterosexuality.〔Adrienne Rich, 'Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence' ''Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society'', 5:631-60, 1980.〕
In a series of articles, Samuel A. Chambers calls for an understanding of heteronormativity as a concept that reveals the expectations, demands, and constraints produced when heterosexuality is taken as normative within a society.〔Samuel A. Chambers, "Telepistemology of the Closet; Or, the Queer Politics of ''Six Feet Under''". ''Journal of American Culture'' 26.1: 24–41, 2003〕〔Samuel A. Chambers, "Revisiting the Closet: Reading Sexuality in ''Six Feet Under'', in ''Reading Six Feet Under''. McCabe and Akass, eds. IB Taurus, 2005.〕 Originally conceived to describe the norms against which non-heterosexuals struggle, "heteronormativity" quickly became incorporated into both the gender and the transgender debate.〔
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