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hemocyanin
Hemocyanins (also spelled haemocyanins) are proteins that transport oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals. These metalloproteins contain two copper atoms that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O2). They are second only to hemoglobin in frequency of use as an oxygen transport molecule. Unlike the hemoglobin in red blood cells found in vertebrates, hemocyanins are not bound to blood cells but are instead suspended directly in the hemolymph. Oxygenation causes a color change between the colorless Cu(I) deoxygenated form and the blue Cu(II) oxygenated form.
== Species distribution ==
Hemocyanins are found only in the Mollusca and Arthropoda: the earliest hemocyanins were found in the snail ''Helix pomatia'' (a mollusc) and in the horseshoe crab (an arthropod). They were subsequently found to be common among crustaceans and are utilized by some land arthropods such as the tarantula ''Eurypelma californicum'', the emperor scorpion, and the centipede ''Scutigera coleoptrata''. Also, larval storage proteins in many insects appear to be derived from hemocyanins.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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