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grouper
Groupers or gropers〔Oxford University Press, ("Oxford Dictionary: 'grouper'" ), ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Retrieved 11 September 2014.〕 are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.
Not all serranids are called groupers; the family also includes the sea basses. The common name grouper is usually given to fish in one of two large genera: ''Epinephelus'' and ''Mycteroperca''. In addition, the species classified in the small genera ''Anyperidon'', ''Cromileptes'', ''Dermatolepis'', ''Gracila'', ''Saloptia'', and ''Triso'' are also called groupers. Fish in the genus ''Plectropomus'' are referred to as coralgroupers. These genera are all classified in the subfamily Epiphelinae. However, some of the hamlets (genus ''Alphestes''), the hinds (genus ''Cephalopholis''), the lyretails (genus ''Variola'') and some other small genera (''Gonioplectrus'', ''Niphon'', ''Paranthias'') are also in this subfamily, and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word "grouper". Nonetheless, the word "grouper" on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily Epinephelinae.
== Name origin ==
The word "grouper" is most widely believed to be from the Portuguese name, ''garoupa''. The origin of this name in Portuguese is believed to be from an indigenous South American language.
In Australia, "groper" is used instead of "grouper" for several species, such as the Queensland grouper (''Epinephelus lanceolatus''). In the Philippines, it is named ''lapu-lapu'' in Luzon, while in the Visayas and Mindanao it goes by the name ''pugapo''. In New Zealand, "groper" refers to a type of wreckfish, ''Polyprion oxygeneios'', which goes by the Māori name ''hāpuku''. In the Middle East, the fish is known as'' hammour'', and is widely eaten, especially in the Persian Gulf region.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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