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gamergate
A gamergate () is a mated worker ant that is able to reproduce sexually, i.e. lay fertilized eggs that will develop as females. Gamergates are restricted to taxa where the workers have a functional sperm reservoir ('spermatheca'). In various species, gamergates reproduce in addition to winged queens (usually upon the death of the original foundress), while in other species the queen caste has been completely replaced by gamergates. In gamergate species, all workers in a colony have similar reproductive potentials, but as a result of physical interactions, a dominance hierarchy is formed and only one or a few top-ranking workers can mate (usually with foreign males) and produce eggs. Subsequently however, aggression is no longer needed as gamergates secrete chemical signals that inform the other workers of their reproductive status in the colony.
Depending on species, there can be one gamergate per colony (monogyny) or several gamergates (polygyny). Most gamergate species have colonies with a few hundreds of workers or less.
==Etymology==
The term "gamergate" derives from the Greek words (''gámos'') and (''ergátēs'') and means "married worker". It was coined in 1983 by geneticist William L. Brown〔 and was first used in scientific literature by entomologists Christian Peeters and Robin Crewe in a 1984 paper published in ''Naturwissenschaften''.〔 The definition typically found in entomological dictionaries is "mated, egg-laying worker",〔〔 and is drawn from the glossary of Bert Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson's 1990 book, ''The Ants''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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