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A fetial (Latin plural fetiales) was a type of priest in Ancient Rome. They formed a ''collegium'' devoted to Jupiter as the patron of good faith. The duties of the fetials included advising the senate on foreign affairs and international treaties, making formal proclamations of peace and of war, and confirming treaties. They also carried out the functions of traveling heralds or ambassadors. One of the fetiales, named ''pater patratus'', was appointed as the fetials' spokesman. The first mention of the fetials by Livy occurs in the context of the war between Alba Longa and Rome, during which the Roman king Tullus Hostilius appointed M. Valerius as a fetial and Sp. Fusius as ''pater patratus'', for the purpose of binding Rome and Alba Longa by a treaty.〔Livy ''Ab Urbe Condita'' I.32.〕 According to Livy, the ritual by which the fetials were to declare war, the ritual of ''rerum repetitio'', was introduced to Rome by Ancus Marcius, borrowing on the traditions of the Aequicolae. However he had already described the ritual actions of the fetials when recording the wars of Tullus Hostilius.〔Livy, ''AUC'' I.24.〕 Thus some scholars think the mentions of the Aequi may be a misinterpretation due to a folk etymology connecting Aequi to ''aequus'', the Latin adjective for fair. On the other hand ancient sources support the tradition that the priesthood was created under the influence of Aequian king Ferter Resus.〔Inc. Auc. ''de Praenominibus'' I apud Valerius Maximus X: "Fertorem Resium qui ius fetiale constituit"; Inc. Auc. ''de Viribus Illustribus'' V 4 apud Aurelius Victor p. 29: "(Ancus Martius) ius fetiale...ab Aequicolis transtulit quod primus Ferter Rhesus excogitavisse"; CIL VI 1302 from the Palatine (II-I century BC); Festus s. v. Ferctius p. 81 L; Propertius IV 105-146; Plutarch Marcellus 8. 4, Romulus 16. 6.〕 ==''Rerum repetitio''== The ritual of ''rerum repetitio'', a request of restitution or reparations, involved the ''pater patratus''. Wearing a woolen hair-band, he was to announce Roman demands using a series of prescribed phrases, first at the enemy's frontier, then when he passes over the borders, again to the first man he meets, again on entering the enemy's gate, and again on entering the forum at the presence of local magistrates. If the demands are not met, the ''pater patratus'' declares war within 33 days and returns to Rome to await the resolution of the Roman king and senate. Once they have resolved to go to war, a fetial returns to the enemy frontier carrying a javelin with a steel or burnt tip, and dipped in blood. He declares war on the enemy, and throws the javelin into their territory. The fetial is connected to matters of law and not directly to war, hence in his formulae he never invokes Mars, but Jupiter, Juno (or perhaps Janus) and Quirinius. The religious relevance of the collegium or ''sodalitas'' lay in ensuring that Rome enjoyed the protection of gods in its relationships with foreign states. This ''collegium'' was probably common to other Latin cities as Livy makes reference to the ''fetials'' of Alba. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fetial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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