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famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food,〔Scarcity and Poor Relief in Eighteenth-Century Ireland: The Subsistence Crisis of 1782-4, http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30008004?uid=3738032&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21100863504381, 20 June 2012〕 caused by several factors including crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Nearly every continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. Some countries, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa, continue to have extreme cases of famine.
==History==
The cyclical occurrence of famine has been a mainstay of societies engaged in subsistence agriculture since the dawn of agriculture itself. The frequency and intensity of famine has fluctuated throughout history, depending on changes in food demand, such as population growth, and supply-side shifts caused by changing climatic conditions. Famine was first eliminated in Holland and England during the 17th century, due to the commercialization of agriculture and the implementation of improved techniques to increase crop yields.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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