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|Section2= |Section3= }} Eugenol is a phenylpropene, an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf.〔(Yield and Oil Composition of 38 Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Accessions Grown in Mississippi )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Typical G.C. for bay leaf oil )〕 It is present in concentrations of 80–90% in clove bud oil and at 82–88% in clove leaf oil. == Modern uses == Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. Eugenol can be combined with zinc oxide to form a material – known as zinc oxide eugenol – which has restorative and prosthodontic applications in dentistry. For example, zinc oxide eugenol is used for root canal sealing〔Jack L. Ferracane, ''Materials in Dentistry: Principles and Applications'', 2001, 2d Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 0-7817-2733-2〕 It can be used to reduce the presence of ''Listeria monocytogenes'' and ''Lactobacillus sakei'' in food.〔Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei. Alexander O. Gill and Richard A. Holley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., October 2004, vol. 70, no. 10, pages 5750–5755, 〕 They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers and antioxidants for plastics and rubbers. Attempts have been made to develop eugenol derivatives for intravenous injection, such as propanidid and G.29.505. The latter produced unacceptable side effects around the site of injection in many patients. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. It also attracts female cucumber beetle. It is recently discovered that eugenol and isoeugenol, floral volatile scent compounds, are catalyzed by single type of enzyme in Gymnadenia species and gene encoding for this enzyme is first functionally characterized gene in this species so far.〔Gupta A K, Schauvinhold I, Pichersky E, and Schiestl F P. 2014. Eugenol synthase genes in floral scent variation in Gymnadenia species〕 It is commonly used in wisdom tooth extraction surgeries complicated by dry socket. Clove oil is growing in popularity as an anaesthetic for use on aquarium fish as well as on wild fish when sampled for research and management purposes. Where readily available, it presents a humane method to euthanise sick and diseased fish either by direct over-dose or to induce sleep before an overdose of ethanol. It is also used in some mousetraps〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=. )〕 and kills certain human colon cancer cell lines ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo''. Eugenol may have potential therapeutic effects against diseases characterized by excessive osteoclast activity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「eugenol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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