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ethnogenesis
Ethnogenesis (from Greek ''ethnos'' , "group of people, nation", and ''genesis'' , "beginning, coming into being"; plural ethnogeneses) is a process in which a group of people acquire an ethnicity, that is, a group identity that identifies them as an ethnic group. This can originate through a process of self-identification as well as come about as the result of outside identification.
==Passive or active ethnogenesis==
Ethnogenesis can occur passively, in the accumulation of markers of group identity forged through interaction with the physical environment, cultural and religious divisions between sections of a society, migrations and other processes, for which ethnic subdivision is an unintended outcome. It can occur actively, as persons deliberately and directly 'engineer' separate identities to attempt to solve a political problem – the preservation or imposition of certain cultural values, power relations, etc. Since the late eighteenth century, such attempts have often been related to language revival or creation of a new language, in what eventually becomes a "national literature".
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, societies challenged by the obsolescence of those narratives which previously afforded them coherence have fallen back on ethnic or racial narratives as a means of maintaining or reaffirming their collective identity, or ''polis''.〔Geary, Patrick J. ''The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe.'' Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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