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epigenome
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism; these changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring. Changes to the epigenome can result in changes to the structure of chromatin and changes to the function of the genome.
The epigenome is involved in regulating gene expression, development, tissue differentiation, and suppression of transposable elements. Unlike the underlying genome which is largely static within an individual, the epigenome can be dynamically altered by environmental conditions.〔Conley, A.B., King Jordan, I. (2012). Endogenous Retroviruses and the Epigenome. In: Witzany, G. (ed). Viruses: Essential Agents of Life, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 309-323.〕
== Cancer ==
Epigenetics is a currently active topic in cancer research. Human tumors undergo a major disruption of DNA methylation and histone modification patterns. The aberrant epigenetic landscape of the cancer cell is characterized by a global genomic hypomethylation, CpG island promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, an altered histone code for critical genes and a global loss of monoacetylated and trimethylated histone H4.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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