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epicenter
The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum〔''Oxford English Dictionary'': "The point over the centre: applied in Seismol. to the outbreaking point of earthquake shocks."〕 is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocentre or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. The word derives from the New Latin noun ''epicentrum'', the latinisation of the ancient Greek adjective ἐπίκεντρος (''epikentros''), "occupying a cardinal point, situated on a centre",〔(ἐπίκεντρος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 from ἐπί (''epi'') "on, upon, at"〔(ἐπί ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 and κέντρον (''kentron'') "centre".〔(epicentre ), on Oxford Dictionaries〕 The term was coined by the Irish seismologist Robert Mallet.
The word however is frequently misused to mean 'center', such that 'center' is now one dictionary definition of the term.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=epicenter )〕
==Usage in seismology==
In seismology, the epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage. However, in larger events, the length of the fault rupture is much longer, and damage can be spread across the rupture zone. For example, in the magnitude 7.9, 2002 Denali earthquake in Alaska, the epicenter was at the western end of the rupture, but the greatest damage occurred about 330 km away at the eastern end of the rupture zone.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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