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encephalocele
Encephalocele, sometimes known by the Latin name cranium bifidum, is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. Encephaloceles cause a groove down the middle of the skull, or between the forehead and nose, or on the back side of the skull. The severity of encephalocele varies, depending on its location.〔(NINDS Encephaloceles Information Page ), ''NINDS'', February 12, 2007 〕
==Signs and symptoms==
Encephaloceles are often accompanied by craniofacial abnormalities or other brain malformations. Symptoms may include neurologic problems, hydrocephalus (cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain), spastic quadriplegia (paralysis of the limbs), microcephaly (an abnormally small head), ataxia (uncoordinated muscle movement), developmental delay, vision problems, mental and growth retardation, and seizures.
Image:Encephalocele of a newborn.JPG|A neonate with a large encephalocele.
File:Encephalocele2.jpg|Encephalocele on the head of a two-year-old.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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