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emmer
Emmer wheat, also known as farro especially in Italy, or hulled wheat, is a type of awned wheat. Emmer is a tetraploid (2n=4x=28 chromosomes). The domesticated species are ''Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum'' and ''Triticum turgidum conv. durum''. The wild species is called ''Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides''. The principal difference between the wild and the domestic species is that the ripened seed head of the wild species shatters and spreads the seed onto the ground while in the domesticated emmer the seed head remains intact, thus making it easier for humans to harvest the grain.〔Weiss, Ehud and Zohary, Daniel (October 2011), "The Neolithic Southwest Asian Founder Crops'', ''Current Anthropology'', Vo 52, Supplement 4, p. S240〕
Along with Einkorn wheat, Emmer was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia.
==Taxonomy==
Strong similarities in morphology and genetics show that wild emmer (''Triticum dicoccoides'' Koern.) is the wild ancestor and a crop wild relative of domesticated emmer. Because wild and domesticated emmer are interfertile with other tetraploid wheats, some taxonomists consider all tetraploid wheats to belong to one species, ''T. turgidum''. Under this scheme, the two forms are recognized at subspecies level, thus ''T. turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccoides'' and ''T. turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccum''. Either naming system is equally valid; the latter lays more emphasis on genetic similarities.
''For a wider discussion, see Wheat#Genetics & Breeding and Wheat taxonomy''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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