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Demonym (; δῆμος ''dẽmos'' 'people, tribe', ὄνομα ''ónoma'' 'name') is a word to identify residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place. It is a recently minted term; previously, gentilic was used by the Oxford English Dictionary. Examples of demonyms include ''Chinese'' for the natives of China, ''Swahili'' for the natives of the Swahili coast, and ''American'' for the natives of the United States of America (or sometimes for the natives of the Americas). Just as ''Americans'' may refer to two different groups of natives, some particular groups of people may be referred to by multiple demonyms. For example, the natives of the United Kingdom are the ''British'', or the ''Britons''. Demonyms are capitalized.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gramática Inglesa. Adjetivos Gentilicios )〕 In languages other than English, a parallel demonym sometimes does not exist, which may lead to the use of an English demonym as a nickname or descriptive adjective of a group of people. The term has not been adopted by the Oxford English Dictionary or the Merriam-Webster dictionary.〔http://www.oed.com/noresults?browseType=sortAlpha&noresults=true&page=1&pageSize=20&q=demonym&scope=ENTRY&sort=entry&type=dictionarysearch〕 English widely includes country-level demonyms - such as "Ethiopian", "Guatemalan", "Japanese", and "French". But English occasionally includes lower-level demonyms - such as "Seoulite", "Wisconsinite", "Chicagoan", and "Fluminense".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Ngram Viewer )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Ngram Viewer )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Ngram Viewer )〕 Some large cities such as Australia's Perth, and many other places, lack a commonly used and accepted appellation. This poses a particular challenge to those toponymists who research demonyms. Also, demonyms must be considered a subtype of adjectives and nouns used as appellations. ==Etymology== The word ''gentilic'' comes from the Latin ''gentilis'' ("of a clan, or gens") and the English suffix ''-ic''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gentilic )〕 The word ''demonym'' was derived from the Greek word meaning "populace" ( ''demos'') with the suffix for "name" (-onym). ''National Geographic'' attributes the term "demonym" to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a recent work from 1990, however, the word does not appear for nouns, adjectives, and verbs derived from geographical names in the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary nor in prominent style manuals such as the Chicago Manual of Style. It was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book ''Labels for Locals''. Dickson, however, in ''What Do You Call a Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names'' (the first edition of ''Labels for Locals'')〔''What Do You Call a Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names'' by Paul Dickson (Facts on File, February 1990). ISBN 978-0-8160-1983-0.〕 attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his ''Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon'' (1988),〔 which is apparently where the term first appears. The term may have been fashioned after ''demonymic'', which the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines as the name of an Athenian citizen according to the deme to which the citizen belongs, with its first use traced to 1893.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oxford English Dictionary )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aristotle's ''Constitution of Athens'', edited by J.E. Sandy, at the Internet Archive )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「demonym」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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