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deindustrialization : ウィキペディア英語版
deindustrialization

Deindustrialization or deindustrialisation is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It is the opposite of industrialization.
== Multiple interpretations ==
There are multiple interpretations of what this process is. Cairncross (1982) and Lever (1991) offer four possible definitions of deindustrialization:
# A straightforward decline in the output of manufactured goods or in employment in the manufacturing sector. This, however, can be misleading because short-run or cyclical downturns may be misinterpreted as long-run deindustrialization
# A shift from manufacturing to the service sectors, so that manufacturing has a lower share of total output or employment. This may also be misleading, however, as such a shift may occur even if manufacturing is growing in absolute terms
# That manufactured goods comprise a declining share of external trade, so that there is a progressive failure to achieve a sufficient surplus of exports over imports to maintain an economy in external balance
# A continuing state of balance of trade deficit (as described in the third definition above) that accumulates to the extent that a country or region is unable to pay for necessary imports to sustain further production of goods, thus initiating a further downward spiral of economic decline
Colonization of different Asian countries by European powers between 18th-20th centuries led to fall in manufacturing and further fall in global GDP share of Asian countries mainly India, China and South-East Asia.〔Angus Maddison (2006), "The World Economy", OECD Publishing,ISBN 92-64-02261-9 Page 263〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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